/* Academic homepage — layered, animated, light/dark aware. */
:root {
  color-scheme: light dark;
  --bg: #f6f7fb;
  --bg-elev: #ffffff;
  --card: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);
  --card-strong: #ffffff;
  --ink: #1b2130;
  --ink-soft: #3f4756;
  --muted: #667085;
  --link: #2457c5;
  --link-hover: #c2661d;
  --accent: #e08a3c;
  --violet: #7c6cf2;
  --line: #e4e8f0;
  --line-strong: #d3d9e4;
  --chip: #eef2f9;
  --spot: rgba(36, 87, 197, .09);
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(20, 30, 60, .06), 0 1px 1px rgba(20, 30, 60, .04);
  --shadow-md: 0 14px 34px -18px rgba(20, 30, 60, .35), 0 3px 8px -4px rgba(20, 30, 60, .08);
  --shadow-lg: 0 30px 70px -30px rgba(20, 30, 60, .45);
  --marker: rgba(255, 228, 92, .55);
  --ring: rgba(36, 87, 197, .22);
  --blob-a: #9ec1ff;
  --blob-b: #ffd3a3;
  --blob-c: #cdbfff;
  --grid: rgba(36, 87, 197, .09);
  --heading: "Fraunces", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Georgia, "Songti SC", "STSong", "SimSun", "Noto Serif CJK SC", "Source Han Serif SC", serif;
  --sans: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
  --mono: "JetBrains Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Menlo, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace;
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(.2, .8, .2, 1);
  --ease-spring: cubic-bezier(.34, 1.56, .64, 1);
}
:root[data-theme="dark"] {
  color-scheme: dark;
  --bg: #0b0f17;
  --bg-elev: #121826;
  --card: rgba(20, 26, 38, .72);
  --card-strong: #141a26;
  --ink: #e7eaf1;
  --ink-soft: #c4cad6;
  --muted: #94a0b4;
  --link: #8fb3ff;
  --link-hover: #ffb46a;
  --accent: #f1a35a;
  --violet: #a99cff;
  --line: #222b3a;
  --line-strong: #2e394c;
  --chip: #182032;
  --spot: rgba(143, 179, 255, .12);
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .35);
  --shadow-md: 0 16px 36px -18px rgba(0, 0, 0, .7), 0 3px 8px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);
  --shadow-lg: 0 30px 70px -30px rgba(0, 0, 0, .8);
  --marker: rgba(255, 214, 92, .22);
  --ring: rgba(143, 179, 255, .28);
  --blob-a: #2a4f9e;
  --blob-b: #7a4a1e;
  --blob-c: #4a3b92;
  --grid: rgba(143, 179, 255, .07);
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) {
    color-scheme: dark;
    --bg: #0b0f17;
    --bg-elev: #121826;
    --card: rgba(20, 26, 38, .72);
    --card-strong: #141a26;
    --ink: #e7eaf1;
    --ink-soft: #c4cad6;
    --muted: #94a0b4;
    --link: #8fb3ff;
    --link-hover: #ffb46a;
    --accent: #f1a35a;
    --violet: #a99cff;
    --line: #222b3a;
    --line-strong: #2e394c;
    --chip: #182032;
    --spot: rgba(143, 179, 255, .12);
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .35);
    --shadow-md: 0 16px 36px -18px rgba(0, 0, 0, .7), 0 3px 8px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);
    --shadow-lg: 0 30px 70px -30px rgba(0, 0, 0, .8);
    --marker: rgba(255, 214, 92, .22);
    --ring: rgba(143, 179, 255, .28);
    --blob-a: #2a4f9e;
    --blob-b: #7a4a1e;
    --blob-c: #4a3b92;
    --grid: rgba(143, 179, 255, .07);
  }
}

/* ---------- Base ---------- */
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  font: 17px/1.7 var(--sans);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  transition: background-color .45s ease, color .45s ease;
}
::selection { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--link) 22%, transparent); }
a { color: var(--link); text-decoration: none; transition: color .2s ease; }
a:hover { color: var(--link-hover); }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--link); outline-offset: 4px; border-radius: 4px; }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
p, figure { margin: 0; }
strong { font-weight: 600; }
button { font: inherit; color: inherit; }

/* Content links get an animated underline. */
.profile-copy a:not(.profile-links a), .paper-content a, .news-event a, .institution a, #beyond a {
  background-image: linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: 0% 1px;
  background-position: 0 100%;
  transition: background-size .35s var(--ease-out), color .2s ease;
}
.profile-copy a:not(.profile-links a):hover, .paper-content a:hover, .news-event a:hover, .institution a:hover, #beyond a:hover { background-size: 100% 1px; }

/* ---------- Backdrop ---------- */
.backdrop { position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: -1; overflow: hidden; pointer-events: none; }
.backdrop::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background-image: radial-gradient(var(--grid) 1px, transparent 1.2px);
  background-size: 26px 26px;
  mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 60% at 50% 20%, #000 20%, transparent 100%);
  -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 60% at 50% 20%, #000 20%, transparent 100%);
}
.blob { position: absolute; border-radius: 50%; filter: blur(80px); opacity: .55; will-change: transform; animation: drift 26s ease-in-out infinite alternate; }
.blob-a { width: 560px; height: 560px; left: -160px; top: -200px; background: var(--blob-a); }
.blob-b { width: 520px; height: 520px; right: -200px; top: 12%; background: var(--blob-b); animation-duration: 32s; animation-delay: -8s; }
.blob-c { width: 620px; height: 620px; left: 32%; bottom: -320px; background: var(--blob-c); animation-duration: 38s; animation-delay: -16s; opacity: .4; }
@keyframes drift {
  from { transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0) scale(1); }
  to { transform: translate3d(70px, 50px, 0) scale(1.12); }
}

/* ---------- Scroll progress ---------- */
.scroll-progress {
  position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 60;
  width: 100%; height: 3px;
  transform-origin: 0 50%;
  transform: scaleX(var(--scroll, 0));
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--link), var(--violet), var(--accent));
  box-shadow: 0 0 12px color-mix(in srgb, var(--link) 50%, transparent);
}

/* ---------- Skip link ---------- */
.skip-link { position: fixed; left: 16px; top: -100px; z-index: 70; padding: 8px 16px; background: var(--card-strong); border: 1px solid var(--link); border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.skip-link:focus { top: 12px; }

/* ---------- Layout ---------- */
.page-shell { width: min(940px, calc(100% - 400px)); margin: 0 auto; }
.page-section { margin-top: 56px; scroll-margin-top: 38px; }
.page-section:focus { outline: none; }
h1, h2 { font-family: var(--heading); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.22; font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144; }
h1 {
  margin: 0 0 24px; font-size: 48px; letter-spacing: -.02em;
  background: linear-gradient(110deg, var(--ink) 0%, var(--ink) 35%, var(--link) 70%, var(--violet) 100%);
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  -webkit-background-clip: text; background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  animation: ink-shift 9s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}
@keyframes ink-shift { from { background-position: 0% 50%; } to { background-position: 100% 50%; } }
.name-divider { font-size: 28px; margin: 0 6px; -webkit-text-fill-color: var(--line-strong); }
.chinese-name { display: inline-block; font-family: "KaiTi", "STKaiti", "Songti SC", serif; font-size: 40px; letter-spacing: 0; }
h2 { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: .42em; margin: 0 0 24px; font-size: 32px; }
h2::after { content: ""; flex: 1; height: 1px; margin-top: .72em; min-width: 40px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--line-strong), transparent); }
.heading-icon {
  flex: none; width: 1.32em; height: 1.32em; padding: .26em; margin-top: -.06em;
  border-radius: .42em;
  background: var(--chip);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--line);
  transition: transform .45s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow .3s ease;
}
h2:hover .heading-icon { transform: rotate(-6deg) scale(1.06); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--line-strong), 0 6px 14px -8px var(--ring); }
h2 > span { min-width: 0; }
h3 { margin: 0 0 6px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5; }

/* ---------- Side navigation ---------- */
.section-nav { position: fixed; top: 50%; left: max(20px, calc(50% - 656px)); width: 156px; transform: translateY(-50%); z-index: 20; }
.nav-label { display: block; margin: 0 0 16px 18px; color: var(--ink-soft); font: 500 12px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.nav-label::before { content: ""; display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; margin-right: 10px; border-radius: 50%; background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--link), var(--accent)); vertical-align: 1px; }
.section-nav ul { position: relative; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.section-nav li a {
  display: block; padding: 8px 6px 8px 18px; margin-left: -1px;
  color: var(--muted); font: 15px/1.4 var(--heading); font-variation-settings: "opsz" 24;
  border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;
  transition: color .25s ease, background-color .25s ease, transform .3s var(--ease-out);
}
.section-nav li a:hover { color: var(--link); transform: translateX(3px); }
.section-nav li a[aria-current] { color: var(--link); font-weight: 600; }
.nav-indicator {
  position: absolute; left: -1px; width: 2px;
  top: var(--ind-top, 0px); height: var(--ind-height, 0px);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--link), var(--violet));
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--ring);
  transition: top .4s var(--ease-out), height .4s var(--ease-out), left .4s var(--ease-out), width .4s var(--ease-out);
}
.nav-tools { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 22px 0 0 18px; }
.language-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; padding: 5px 11px; font-size: 13.5px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; background: var(--card); backdrop-filter: blur(8px); transition: border-color .25s ease, transform .3s var(--ease-out), box-shadow .3s ease, color .2s ease; }
.language-link:hover { border-color: var(--link); transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.theme-toggle {
  position: relative; width: 32px; height: 32px; padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--card); backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  cursor: pointer; display: grid; place-items: center;
  transition: border-color .25s ease, transform .3s var(--ease-out), box-shadow .3s ease;
}
.theme-toggle:hover { border-color: var(--link); transform: translateY(-1px) rotate(15deg); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.theme-toggle svg { grid-area: 1 / 1; width: 16px; height: 16px; fill: none; stroke: var(--ink-soft); stroke-width: 1.8; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; transition: transform .5s var(--ease-spring), opacity .3s ease; }
.theme-toggle .icon-moon { opacity: 0; transform: rotate(-90deg) scale(.4); }
.theme-toggle[aria-pressed="true"] .icon-sun { opacity: 0; transform: rotate(90deg) scale(.4); }
.theme-toggle[aria-pressed="true"] .icon-moon { opacity: 1; transform: none; stroke: var(--accent); fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 30%, transparent); }

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */
/* The portrait lines up with the bio paragraphs: its top edge sits on the first paragraph
   and its bottom edge on the last one, skipping the name above and the link row below.
   profile.js measures those offsets and picks a width that keeps a photo-like ratio;
   the custom-property fallbacks below approximate them when scripts are unavailable. */
.profile { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) var(--portrait-w, 300px); gap: 48px; align-items: stretch; margin-top: 72px; perspective: 1100px; }
.profile-copy p + p { margin-top: 12px; }
.profile-portrait {
  position: relative; display: flex; flex-direction: column;
  margin: var(--portrait-top, 83px) 0 var(--portrait-bottom, 68px);
  transform: rotateX(var(--tilt-x, 0deg)) rotateY(var(--tilt-y, 0deg));
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transition: transform .18s ease-out;
}
@property --halo-angle { syntax: "<angle>"; inherits: false; initial-value: 160deg; }
.profile-portrait::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: -1;
  inset: -4% -10%; border-radius: 50%;
  background: conic-gradient(from var(--halo-angle, 160deg), var(--blob-a), var(--blob-b), var(--blob-c), var(--blob-a));
  filter: blur(34px); opacity: .75;
  animation: halo 18s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes halo { to { --halo-angle: 520deg; } }
.profile-portrait img {
  flex: 1 1 0; min-height: 0; width: 100%; height: auto;
  object-fit: cover; object-position: 46% 50%; border-radius: 38px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md), 0 0 0 1px color-mix(in srgb, var(--line-strong) 70%, transparent);
  transition: box-shadow .4s ease;
}
.profile-portrait:hover img { box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg), 0 0 0 1px color-mix(in srgb, var(--line-strong) 70%, transparent); }
.profile-portrait figcaption {
  position: absolute; left: 50%; bottom: 16px; transform: translateX(-50%);
  padding: 5px 13px; border-radius: 999px; white-space: nowrap;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-elev) 74%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(10, 16, 30, .14), inset 0 0 0 1px color-mix(in srgb, var(--line) 70%, transparent);
  color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: .02em;
}
.profile-portrait figcaption::before { content: "◦ "; color: var(--accent); }
.profile-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px 12px; margin-top: 24px; font-size: 15px; }
.profile-links a {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px;
  padding: 8px 16px; border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--card);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform .3s var(--ease-out), box-shadow .3s ease, border-color .3s ease, color .2s ease;
}
.profile-links a:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); border-color: var(--link); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); color: var(--link); }
.profile-links a span { transition: transform .3s var(--ease-out); }
.profile-links a:hover span { transform: translate(2px, -2px); }
.section-note { margin-top: -14px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; }

/* ---------- News timeline ---------- */
.news-section { margin-top: 48px; }
.news-list { position: relative; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.news-list::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 90px; top: 18px; bottom: 16px; width: 1px; background: linear-gradient(var(--line-strong), var(--line) 70%, transparent); }
.news-list li { display: flex; align-items: baseline; padding: 6px 0; font-size: 16px; }
.news-date, .news-list time { flex: 0 0 76px; margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font: 14px/1.7 var(--mono); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.news-gap { flex: 0 0 28px; position: relative; align-self: stretch; font-size: 0; }
.news-gap::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 10px; top: 10px; width: 8px; height: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%; background: var(--bg); border: 2px solid var(--line-strong);
  transition: border-color .3s ease, transform .3s var(--ease-spring);
}
.news-list li:hover .news-gap::before { border-color: var(--link); transform: scale(1.25); }
.news-section > .news-list > li:first-child .news-gap::before { background: var(--link); border-color: var(--link); animation: pulse 2.4s ease-out infinite; }
@keyframes pulse {
  0% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 var(--ring); }
  70% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 9px transparent; }
  100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 transparent; }
}
.news-event { flex: 1; min-width: 0; font-family: var(--sans); }
.celebration-icon { display: inline-block; width: 21px; height: 21px; vertical-align: -.2em; transform-origin: 20% 90%; }
.news-list li:hover .celebration-icon { animation: wiggle .7s ease-in-out; }
@keyframes wiggle { 0%, 100% { transform: rotate(0); } 25% { transform: rotate(-14deg) scale(1.1); } 60% { transform: rotate(10deg) scale(1.1); } }
.news-archive, .awards-archive { margin-top: 14px; }
.news-archive summary, .awards-archive summary {
  width: fit-content; list-style: none; cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;
  padding: 6px 14px 6px 12px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--link);
  border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; background: var(--card);
  transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .3s ease, transform .3s var(--ease-out);
}
.news-archive summary::-webkit-details-marker, .awards-archive summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.news-archive summary::before, .awards-archive summary::before {
  content: ""; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-right: 1.6px solid currentColor; border-bottom: 1.6px solid currentColor;
  transform: rotate(45deg) translate(-1px, -1px); transition: transform .35s var(--ease-spring);
}
details[open] > summary::before { transform: rotate(-135deg) translate(-1px, -1px); }
.news-archive summary:hover, .awards-archive summary:hover { border-color: var(--link); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); transform: translateY(-1px); }
.awards-archive .awards-list, .news-archive .news-list { margin-top: 14px; }
details[open] > .news-list, details[open] > .awards-list { animation: unfold .45s var(--ease-out) both; }
@keyframes unfold { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-8px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }
.news-archive .news-list::before { top: 18px; }

/* ---------- Papers ---------- */
.paper, .patent {
  position: relative; isolation: isolate;
  margin: 14px -24px; padding: 24px;
  border-radius: 20px; border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: transform .4s var(--ease-out), box-shadow .4s ease, border-color .4s ease, background-color .4s ease;
}
.paper::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; border-radius: inherit;
  background: radial-gradient(460px circle at var(--mx, 50%) var(--my, 50%), var(--spot), transparent 60%);
  opacity: 0; transition: opacity .4s ease;
}
.paper:hover, .patent:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); background: var(--card); border-color: var(--line); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.paper:hover::before { opacity: 1; }
.paper-with-figure { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 4.5fr) minmax(0, 5.5fr); gap: 28px; align-items: center; }
.paper-content { min-width: 0; }
.paper-media { position: relative; min-width: 0; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; border-radius: 14px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm), 0 0 0 1px var(--line); }
.paper-preview-video { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; border-radius: 14px; background: #fff; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; }
.paper-media.is-playing .paper-preview-video { opacity: 1; }
.paper-preview-toggle { position: absolute; bottom: 8px; right: 8px; z-index: 1; padding: 5px 9px; border: 1px solid var(--line-strong); border-radius: 8px; color: var(--ink); background: var(--card-strong); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); font: 12px/1.5 var(--sans); cursor: pointer; }
.paper-preview-toggle[hidden] { display: none; }
.paper-preview-toggle:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--link); outline-offset: 3px; }
.paper-preview-toggle:disabled { cursor: default; }
.paper-media.is-playing .paper-preview-toggle { color: #fff; background: #151922; border-color: #606672; }
.paper-media.is-playing a.paper-figure::after { opacity: 0; }
.paper-figure { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-width: 0; border-radius: 14px; }
.paper-figure img {
  width: 100%; height: auto; max-width: 100%; max-height: 300px; object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 12px; background: #fff; padding: 6px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm), 0 0 0 1px var(--line);
  transition: transform .55s var(--ease-out), box-shadow .45s ease;
}
.paper:hover .paper-figure img { transform: scale(1.025) translateY(-1px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md), 0 0 0 1px var(--line-strong); }
a.paper-figure { cursor: zoom-in; }
a.paper-figure::after {
  content: "⤢"; position: absolute; right: 10px; top: 10px;
  width: 28px; height: 28px; display: grid; place-items: center;
  font: 15px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--card-strong); border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm), 0 0 0 1px var(--line);
  opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-4px) scale(.9);
  transition: opacity .3s ease, transform .3s var(--ease-spring);
}
.paper:hover a.paper-figure::after { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.paper.paper-without-image h3 { color: var(--ink); }
.paper-figure-placeholder {
  min-height: 220px; border-radius: 12px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(var(--grid) 1px, transparent 1.2px) 0 0 / 14px 14px,
    linear-gradient(135deg, var(--chip), transparent);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--line);
}
.paper-figure-placeholder::before {
  content: ""; width: 64px; height: 76px; opacity: .85;
  background: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 64 76' fill='none'%3E%3Cpath d='M8 4h30l18 18v46a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H8a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V8a4 4 0 0 1 4-4Z' fill='%23ffffff' stroke='%239aa4b5' stroke-width='1.6'/%3E%3Cpath d='M38 4v14a4 4 0 0 0 4 4h14' stroke='%239aa4b5' stroke-width='1.6'/%3E%3Cpath d='M14 36h36M14 46h36M14 56h24' stroke='%23c5cdd9' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center / contain no-repeat;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 6px 10px rgba(20, 30, 60, .12));
  transition: transform .45s var(--ease-spring);
}
.paper:hover .paper-figure-placeholder::before { transform: translateY(-3px) rotate(-3deg); }
/* Keep every paper thumbnail, placeholder and video in the same 16:9 frame. */
.paper .paper-figure {
  width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; min-height: 0; overflow: hidden;
  justify-content: center; border-radius: 14px; background-color: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm), 0 0 0 1px var(--line);
}
.paper .paper-figure img {
  position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; max-height: none;
  object-fit: contain; border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; transform: none;
}
.paper-summary { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.paper h3, .patent h3 { color: var(--link); font-size: 18px; }
.authors { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.65; }
.author-self { color: var(--ink); background: linear-gradient(transparent 52%, var(--marker) 52%, var(--marker) 92%, transparent 92%); padding: 0 2px; border-radius: 2px; }
.venue { margin-top: 6px; font-size: 15px; font-style: italic; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.venue-rank { display: inline-block; margin-left: 6px; padding: 1px 8px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; font: 12px/1.7 var(--sans); color: var(--link); background: var(--chip); white-space: nowrap; }
.paper-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; margin-top: 12px; padding: 5px 12px; font-size: 14px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; background: var(--card-strong); transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .3s ease, transform .3s var(--ease-out), color .2s ease; }
.paper-link:hover { border-color: var(--link); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); transform: translateY(-1px); }
.paper-link span { transition: transform .3s var(--ease-out); }
.paper-link:hover span { transform: translate(2px, -2px); }
.paper-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0 10px; }

/* ---------- Education & experience ---------- */
.institution {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 82px minmax(0, 1fr) auto; align-items: center; gap: 22px;
  margin: 0 -16px; padding: 14px 16px; border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: background-color .35s ease, border-color .35s ease, transform .35s var(--ease-out), box-shadow .35s ease;
}
.institution:hover { background: var(--card); border-color: var(--line); transform: translateX(4px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.institution img {
  width: 70px; height: 70px; object-fit: contain; padding: 6px;
  border-radius: 16px; background: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm), 0 0 0 1px var(--line);
  transition: transform .45s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow .35s ease;
}
.institution:hover img { transform: scale(1.06) rotate(-2deg); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md), 0 0 0 1px var(--line-strong); }
.experience-row .company-logo { width: 62px; height: 62px; justify-self: center; }
.experience-row .company-logo--wide { width: 82px; height: 68px; max-width: none; }
.institution .education-note { color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 4px; }
.experience-showcase {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 300px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 24px; align-items: center;
  /* Match the 62px logo centered in its 82px column, plus the row border. */
  margin: 12px 0 26px 11px; padding: 16px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 16px;
  background: var(--card); color: var(--ink); transition: border-color .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}
.experience-showcase:hover { border-color: var(--link); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); color: var(--ink); }
.experience-preview { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 6px; }
.experience-preview img { width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 8px; }
.experience-preview--single { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
.experience-showcase-copy { display: grid; gap: 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--muted); }
.experience-showcase-copy strong { color: var(--ink); font-size: 17px; }
.experience-showcase-link { color: var(--link); }
.experience-showcase-source { font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); }
.experience-ranking { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 8px; }
.experience-ranking img { padding: 0; max-height: none; border-radius: 8px; }
.experience-ranking:hover::after, .experience-ranking:focus-visible::after { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .experience-showcase { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 14px; padding: 12px; }
  .experience-showcase-copy { font-size: 13px; }
  .experience-showcase-copy strong { font-size: 15px; }
}
.institution p, .dated-row p { font-size: 15.5px; }
.date {
  color: var(--muted); white-space: nowrap; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; text-align: right;
  font: 13px/1.6 var(--mono); padding: 4px 11px; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--chip); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--line);
}
.dated-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; gap: 26px; padding: 16px 0; }
.muted { color: var(--muted); }

/* ---------- Awards ---------- */
.awards-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-size: 16px; }
.awards-list li { position: relative; padding: 7px 0 7px 30px; transition: transform .3s var(--ease-out); }
.awards-list li::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 4px; top: 15px; width: 12px; height: 12px;
  border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 0; transform: rotate(-45deg);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--link), var(--violet));
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px -2px var(--ring);
  transition: transform .4s var(--ease-spring);
}
.awards-list li:hover { transform: translateX(4px); }
.awards-list li:hover::before { transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.2); }
#awards > .awards-list > li:nth-child(1)::before { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f7c548, #e08a3c); }
#awards > .awards-list > li:nth-child(2)::before { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #cfd6e2, #8f9bb0); }
#awards > .awards-list > li:nth-child(3)::before { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e5a06a, #b0662d); }

/* ---------- Miscellaneous & footer ---------- */
#beyond p + p { margin-top: 12px; }
.site-footer { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 56px; padding: 26px 0 40px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }
.site-footer a { font-size: 13px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; }
.site-footer a span { transition: transform .3s var(--ease-out); }
.site-footer a:hover span { transform: translateY(-3px); }

/* ---------- Floating back-to-top ---------- */
.to-top {
  position: fixed; right: 28px; bottom: 28px; z-index: 30;
  width: 48px; height: 48px; border-radius: 50%;
  display: grid; place-items: center;
  background: var(--card); backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md), 0 0 0 1px var(--line);
  color: var(--ink); font-size: 18px;
  opacity: 0; transform: translateY(14px) scale(.9); pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity .35s ease, transform .4s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow .3s ease, color .2s ease;
}
.to-top.is-visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; pointer-events: auto; }
.to-top:hover { color: var(--link); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg), 0 0 0 1px var(--line-strong); }
.to-top svg { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; transform: rotate(-90deg); }
.to-top circle { fill: none; stroke-width: 2.5; }
.to-top-track { stroke: var(--line); }
.to-top-progress { stroke: var(--link); stroke-linecap: round; stroke-dasharray: 131.95; stroke-dashoffset: calc(131.95 * (1 - var(--scroll, 0))); }
.to-top > span { position: relative; transition: transform .3s var(--ease-out); }
.to-top:hover > span { transform: translateY(-2px); }

/* ---------- Topic filters under the publication & preprint headings ---------- */
[hidden] { display: none !important; }
.topic-filter {
  position: relative; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 4px;
  max-width: 100%; margin: -4px 0 18px; padding: 5px;
  border-radius: 24px; border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--card); backdrop-filter: blur(10px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.topic-filter + .section-note { margin-top: 0; }
.topic-indicator {
  position: absolute;
  top: var(--chip-top, 5px); height: var(--chip-height, 0px);
  left: var(--chip-left, 5px); width: var(--chip-width, 0px);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--link), var(--violet));
  box-shadow: 0 8px 18px -10px var(--ring);
  transition: left .4s var(--ease-out), width .4s var(--ease-out), top .4s var(--ease-out), height .4s var(--ease-out);
}
.topic-chip {
  position: relative; flex: none; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px;
  padding: 6px 13px; border: 0; border-radius: 999px; background: transparent;
  color: var(--muted); font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 500; white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;
  transition: color .25s ease, opacity .25s ease;
}
.topic-chip:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.topic-chip[aria-pressed="true"] { color: #fff; }
.topic-chip:disabled { cursor: default; opacity: .45; }
.topic-chip:disabled:hover { color: var(--muted); }
.topic-chip:focus-visible { outline-offset: -2px; }
.topic-count { font: 11px/1 var(--mono); padding: 3px 6px; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--chip); color: var(--muted); transition: background-color .25s ease, color .25s ease; }
.topic-count:empty { display: none; }
.topic-chip[aria-pressed="true"] .topic-count { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .22); color: #fff; }
.paper.is-entering { animation: paper-in .45s var(--ease-out) both; }
@keyframes paper-in { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); } }

/* ---------- Lightbox ---------- */
.lightbox { border: 0; padding: 0; max-width: min(92vw, 1200px); max-height: 92vh; background: transparent; overflow: visible; }
.lightbox::backdrop { background: rgba(8, 11, 18, .78); backdrop-filter: blur(8px); }
.lightbox[open] { animation: lightbox-in .35s var(--ease-out) both; }
.lightbox[open]::backdrop { animation: fade-in .35s ease both; }
@keyframes lightbox-in { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(14px) scale(.97); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }
@keyframes fade-in { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }
.lightbox img { width: auto; max-width: min(92vw, 1200px); max-height: calc(92vh - 70px); margin: 0 auto; border-radius: 14px; background: #fff; padding: 10px; box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); }
.lightbox-caption { margin: 14px auto 0; max-width: 820px; color: #e9edf5; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center; }
.lightbox-close {
  position: absolute; right: -6px; top: -46px; width: 36px; height: 36px;
  border: 0; border-radius: 50%; cursor: pointer;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .12); color: #fff; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1;
  transition: background-color .25s ease, transform .3s var(--ease-spring);
}
.lightbox-close:hover { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .24); transform: rotate(90deg); }

/* ---------- Scroll reveal (JS only) ---------- */
.js .reveal { transition: opacity .75s ease, transform .75s var(--ease-out); transition-delay: calc(var(--i, 0) * 70ms); }
.js .reveal:not(.is-in) { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(22px); }

/* ---------- Theme switch via View Transitions ---------- */
::view-transition-old(root), ::view-transition-new(root) { animation: none; mix-blend-mode: normal; }
::view-transition-old(root) { z-index: 1; }
::view-transition-new(root) { z-index: 2; }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1170px) {
  .page-shell { width: min(940px, calc(100% - 64px)); }
  .section-nav {
    position: sticky; top: 0; left: auto; width: 100%; transform: none;
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 18px; padding: 0 28px;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 78%, transparent);
    backdrop-filter: blur(14px) saturate(1.4); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px) saturate(1.4);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .nav-label { flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0; }
  .section-nav ul {
    display: flex; flex: 1; min-width: 0; overflow-x: auto; border: 0; scrollbar-width: none;
    mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 18px, #000 calc(100% - 18px), transparent);
    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 18px, #000 calc(100% - 18px), transparent);
  }
  .section-nav ul::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
  .section-nav li { flex-shrink: 0; }
  .section-nav li a { margin: 0; padding: 17px 11px; border-radius: 0; white-space: nowrap; }
  .section-nav li a:hover { transform: none; }
  .nav-indicator { top: auto; bottom: 0; height: 2px; left: var(--ind-left, 0px); width: var(--ind-width, 0px); background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--link), var(--violet)); }
  .nav-tools { margin: 0; flex-shrink: 0; }
  .page-section { scroll-margin-top: 85px; }
  .profile { margin-top: 44px; }
  .paper, .patent { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }
  .institution { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }
  .experience-showcase { margin-left: 27px; }
  .blob { filter: blur(60px); }
}
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .profile { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; align-items: center; }
  .profile-portrait { margin: 0; }
  .profile-portrait img { flex: none; height: 400px; }
}
@media (max-width: 850px) {
  .profile { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 210px; gap: 28px; }
  .profile-portrait img { height: 280px; border-radius: 36px; }
  h1 { font-size: 38px; }
  .chinese-name { font-size: 33px; }
  .institution { grid-template-columns: 68px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 3px 20px; }
  .institution img { grid-row: span 2; }
  .institution .date { grid-column: 2; text-align: left; width: fit-content; margin-top: 4px; }
  .experience-row { grid-template-columns: 82px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 14px; }
  .dated-row { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 5px; }
  .dated-row .date { text-align: left; }
  .paper-with-figure { gap: 22px; padding: 21px 16px; }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  body { font-size: 16px; }
  .page-shell { width: calc(100% - 36px); }
  .section-nav { padding: 0 18px; gap: 10px; }
  .nav-label { font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .14em; }
  .nav-label::before { margin-right: 7px; }
  .section-nav li a { font-size: 14px; padding: 15px 9px; }
  .language-link { font-size: 12.5px; padding: 4px 9px; }
  .theme-toggle { width: 30px; height: 30px; }
  .profile { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 26px; }
  .profile-portrait { order: -1; align-self: center; }
  .profile-portrait { width: 190px; }
  .profile-portrait img { height: 236px; }
  .profile-portrait figcaption { bottom: 12px; font-size: 12px; }
  h1 { text-align: center; font-size: 34px; }
  .chinese-name { font-size: 30px; }
  .name-divider { margin: 0; font-size: 23px; }
  .profile-links { justify-content: center; }
  h2 { font-size: 28px; }
  .page-section { margin-top: 40px; }
  .profile { margin-top: 28px; }
  .paper, .patent { padding: 20px 16px; margin-top: 15px; }
  .paper-with-figure { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 18px; }
  .paper-figure { justify-content: flex-start; }
  .paper-figure-placeholder { min-height: 140px; }
  .paper h3, .patent h3 { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; }
  .paper .authors { font-size: 15.5px; }
  .institution h3 { font-size: 16px; }
  .institution:hover { transform: none; }
  .news-list::before { display: none; }
  .news-list li { display: block; position: relative; padding: 6px 0 6px 20px; font-size: 15.5px; }
  .news-list li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 2px; top: 16px; width: 8px; height: 8px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--bg); border: 2px solid var(--line-strong); }
  .news-section > .news-list > li:first-child::before { background: var(--link); border-color: var(--link); animation: pulse 2.4s ease-out infinite; }
  .news-list time, .news-date, .news-gap, .news-event { display: inline; }
  .news-gap { font-size: 14.5px; }
  .news-gap::before { display: none; }
  .news-date, .news-list time { font-size: 13.5px; }
  .to-top { right: 16px; bottom: 16px; width: 44px; height: 44px; }
  .topic-chip { padding: 6px 11px; font-size: 13px; }
  .blob { filter: blur(50px); opacity: .45; }
  .blob-c { display: none; }
  .lightbox-close { right: 0; top: -44px; }
}
@media (hover: none) {
  a.paper-figure::after { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: .01ms !important; animation-iteration-count: 1 !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; }
  .js .reveal:not(.is-in) { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  .blob { animation: none; }
  .profile-portrait::before { animation: none; }
}